ROI is calculated using the return on investment formula: ROI = ((Final Value - Initial Investment) / Initial Investment) × 100. This ROI equation helps you determine your investment's profitability percentage. For example, if you invest $1,000 and receive $1,200 back, your ROI calculation would be: ((1200 - 1000) / 1000) × 100 = 20% ROI.

While ROI measures total profit relative to cost, rate of return (ROR) focuses on the annual or periodic return. The rate of return formula considers time periods, making it useful for comparing investments held for different durations. For example, a 20% ROI over 6 months is different from a 20% annual rate of return.

Real estate ROI combines rental property returns and property appreciation. Use our rental property ROI calculator to include: Monthly rental income, Property value increase, Operating expenses, and Mortgage payments. The rental return on investment formula is: ((Annual Rental Income + Property Value Increase - Total Expenses) / Total Investment) × 100.

Cash on cash return measures the annual cash flow relative to the actual cash invested in a rental property. Use our cash on cash ROI calculator to determine your actual cash return, considering only out-of-pocket expenses rather than the total property value.

Marketing ROI measures campaign profitability. The marketing ROI formula is: ((Revenue from Campaign - Marketing Cost) / Marketing Cost) × 100. Our marketing ROI calculator also provides ROAS (Return on Ad Spend) metrics for comprehensive campaign analysis.

Expected rate of return varies by investment type. Stock investments typically target 7-10% annual return, real estate investments aim for 8-12% rental property return, while marketing campaigns often seek 5:1 ROAS (500% ROI). Use our expected rate of return calculator to set realistic goals.

To calculate investment returns over time, use our investment return calculator which includes annualized ROI calculations. This helps compute your yearly rate of return and compare different investment periods effectively.

Business project ROI should consider all costs and revenue streams. Our business ROI calculator helps figure ROI by including: Initial investment, Operational costs, Revenue projections, and Time value of money. This provides a comprehensive return on investment analysis.